Emissions Testing: This uses receiving antennas, amplifiers, and spectrum analyzers to measure the electromagnetic noise a device generates. Testing can be done in open area test sites or shielded anechoic chambers to isolate external noise.

Immunity Testing: This assesses a device’s ability to tolerate electromagnetic noise from external sources. Equipment used includes signal generators, power amplifiers, and simulators to recreate different types of electromagnetic disturbances, such as power surges and voltage drops.

Medical Devices: In healthcare, devices must work together in close quarters without interference. Regulatory bodies like the FDA and the European Union require medical devices to undergo EMC testing, particularly under standards such as IEC 60601-1-2.

Military and Aerospace: EMC testing for military and aerospace equipment must meet stringent standards like MIL-STD 461. These devices often need to function in high-stress environments, making immunity to EMI crucial for operational safety.

Consumer Electronics: Devices like microwaves, mobile phones, and laptops must undergo EMC testing to ensure they do not emit harmful interference and can function properly in the presence of other electronic devices.

Conducted and Radiated Noise: Both forms of electromagnetic noise are tested to ensure devices can handle disturbances.

• Magnetic Fields: Testing simulates the effect of electromagnetic fields radiating from wires.
• Power Interruptions: Devices are tested for resilience to voltage drops and brownouts.
• Electromagnetic Surges: The ability to handle surges caused by lightning or other sources is tested.

For industries like aerospace, healthcare, and consumer electronics, meeting these regulatory guidelines is critical to product safety and marketability.